Table 3 Characteristics of study participants by quartile (Q) categories of dietary pattern scores
From: Dietary patterns in relation to glioma: a case–control study
High protein dietary pattern score | Vegetarian dietary pattern score | Western dietary pattern score | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Q1 (lowest) (n = 96) | Q2 (n = 96) | Q3 (n = 96) | Q4 (highest) (n = 96) | P-value | Q1 (lowest) (n = 96) | Q2 (n = 96) | Q3 (n = 96) | Q4 (highest) (n = 96) | P-value | Q1 (lowest) (n = 96) | Q2 (n = 96) | Q3 (n = 96) | Q4 (highest) (n = 96) | P-value | |
Controls | |||||||||||||||
Age (y)a | 42.8 (10.3) | 45.6 (13.8) | 43.8 (14.3) | 38.7 (13.3) | 0.022 | 42.6 (15.5) | 43.2 (13.7) | 44.8 (12.4) | 40.7 (12.1) | 0.336 | 47.2 (12.1) | 45.4 (13.3) | 43.6 (13.0) | 32.9 (10.3) | < 0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2)a | 26.5 (3.59) | 26.5 (4.3) | 25.3 (3.5) | 26.2 (3.9) | 0.279 | 25.9 (4.8) | 25.9 (3.8) | 26.1 (3.6) | 26.5 (3.4) | 0.768 | 26.2 (3.9) | 25.8 (3.7) | 26.5 93.9) | 26.0 (3.9) | 0.726 |
Weight (kg)a | 73.2 (9.3) | 71.8 (12.2) | 70.1 (11.5) | 73.4 (14.3) | 0.396 | 72.8 (11.9) | 71.0 (10.5) | 71.3 (11.8) | 73.0 (13.7) | 0.726 | 67.7 (11.0) | 72.4 (12.3) | 73.4 (10.9) | 75.9 (13.0) | 0.001 |
Physical activity (MET-h/d)a | 36.3 (5.3) | 34.5 (5.8) | 33.1 (4.8) | 31.9 (5.1) | < 0.001 | 33.7 (5.9) | 32.6 (5.5) | 34.0 (4.4) | 34.8 (5.9) | 0.156 | 33.6 (5.1) | 33.6 (6.3) | 34.6 (5.4) | 33.6 (5.2) | 0.686 |
Sex (female) (%) | 38.5 | 47.9 | 39.4 | 39.4 | 0.652 | 32.7 | 34.4 | 44.8 | 50.7 | 0.121 | 67.6 | 39.1 | 29.5 | 23.2 | < 0.001 |
Family history of cancers (%) | 25.0 | 38.0 | 30.3 | 39.4 | 0.301 | 40.4 | 31.1 | 29.9 | 34.7 | 0.639 | 37.8 | 31.3 | 23.0 | 42.9 | 0.112 |
Family history of glioma (%) | 0.0 | 5.6 | 12.1 | 1.5 | 0.010 | 9.6 | 4.9 | 0.0 | 6.7 | 0.103 | 4.1 | 4.7 | 6.6 | 5.4 | 0.926 |
History of allergy (%) | 30.8 | 26.8 | 25.8 | 34.8 | 0.648 | 26.9 | 27.9 | 29.9 | 32.0 | 0.925 | 32.4 | 37.5 | 21.3 | 25.0 | 0.187 |
History of hypertension (%) | 3.8 | 7.0 | 6.1 | 3.0 | 0.698 | 1.9 | 8.2 | 6.0 | 4.0 | 0.460 | 12.2 | 1.6 | 3.3 | 1.8 | 0.012 |
Living place (Tehran) (%) | 53.8 | 52.1 | 57.6 | 68.2 | 0.241 | 48.1 | 52.5 | 62.7 | 65.3 | 0.162 | 66.2 | 57.8 | 47.5 | 58.9 | 0.186 |
Cigarette smoking (%) | 26.9 | 25.4 | 28.8 | 18.2 | 0.521 | 40.4 | 27.9 | 20.9 | 14.7 | 0.008 | 8.1 | 31.3 | 32.8 | 30.4 | 0.001 |
Married (%) | 98.1 | 84.5 | 74.2 | 66.7 | < 0.001 | 55.8 | 72.1 | 94.0 | 90.7 | < 0.001 | 87.8 | 78.1 | 80.3 | 71.4 | 0.133 |
Years of education ≤ 12 (%) | 100.0 | 90.1 | 74.2 | 71.2 | < 0.001 | 78.8 | 78.7 | 91.0 | 82.7 | 0.208 | 77.0 | 82.8 | 93.4 | 80.4 | 0.075 |
High-risk jobb (%) | 7.7 | 2.8 | 0.0 | 1.5 | 0.072 | 0.0 | 4.9 | 0.0 | 5.3 | 0.097 | 1.4 | 4.7 | 4.9 | 0.0 | 0.251 |
High-risk residential areasc (%) | 15.4 | 22.5 | 28.8 | 18.2 | 0.296 | 11.5 | 26.2 | 23.9 | 22.7 | 0.247 | 18.9 | 17.2 | 23.0 | 28.6 | 0.436 |
Taking vitamin supplements (%) | 7.7 | 12.7 | 13.6 | 27.3 | 0.019 | 17.3 | 16.4 | 13.4 | 16.0 | 0.942 | 23.0 | 12.5 | 13.1 | 12.5 | 0.241 |
Frequent fried foods intaked (%) | 84.6 | 80.3 | 78.8 | 69.7 | 0.238 | 71.2 | 77 | 77.6 | 84.0 | 0.386 | 66.2 | 79.7 | 82.0 | 87.5 | 0.022 |
Frequent canned foods intaked (%) | 0.0 | 4.2 | 7.6 | 10.6 | 0.086 | 1.9 | 3.3 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 0.265 | 2.7 | 7.8 | 4.9 | 8.9 | 0.420 |
Frequent use of barbecued (%) | 9.6 | 11.3 | 18.2 | 9.1 | 0.363 | 15.4 | 4.9 | 9.0 | 18.7 | 0.068 | 2.7 | 7.8 | 13.1 | 28.6 | < 0.001 |
Cases | |||||||||||||||
Age (y)a | 45.7 (15.6) | 42.3 (14.7) | 45.3 (15.2) | 385 (11.3) | 0.176 | 40.1 (15.4) | 43.7 (13.5) | 46.7 (15.1) | 44.5 (13.7) | 0.287 | 45.2 (8.0) | 42.2 (16.9) | 48.2 (15.6) | 38.8 (13.3) | 0.041 |
BMI (kg/m2)a | 25.1 (4.8) | 27.1 (4.3) | 27.5 (3.5) | 26.2 (3.6) | 0.074 | 25.8 (3.8) | 26.8 (3.6) | 25.5 (3.8) | 27.8 (6.1) | 0.199 | 27.3 (3.8) | 25.3 (3.4) | 25.8 (4.2) | 27.0 (5.0) | 0.240 |
Weight (kg)a | 70.3 (13.1) | 75.9 (16.4) | 77.2 (10.6) | 78.0 (13.4) | 0.061 | 73.4 (14.0) | 75.9 (11.8) | 71.2 (10.9) | 80.9 (17.3) | 0.077 | 76.7 (9.8) | 72.7 (10.3) | 71.2 (13.6) | 78.7 (16.6) | 0.078 |
Physical activity (MET-h/d)a | 34.5 (6.5) | 35.0 (6.3) | 34.3 (6.1) | 35.5 (6.7) | 0.880 | 34.8 (6.9) | 34.7 (5.5) | 34.3 (5.4) | 35.6 (7.7) | 0.915 | 35.6 (5.0) | 35.8 (8.3) | 33.4 (5.0) | 34.8 (6.2) | 0.420 |
Sex (female) (%) | 48.8 | 48.0 | 43.3 | 24.1 | 0.170 | 39.5 | 48.6 | 48.3 | 25.0 | 0.312 | 52.4 | 25.0 | 54.3 | 38.5 | 0.069 |
Family history of any cancers (%) | 23.3 | 28.0 | 33.3 | 48.3 | 0.156 | 27.9 | 37.1 | 31.0 | 35.0 | 0.839 | 28.6 | 40.6 | 22.9 | 35.9 | 0.422 |
Family history of glioma (%) | 9.3 | 32.0 | 33.3 | 10.3 | 0.015 | 11.6 | 34.3 | 17.2 | 15.0 | 0.076 | 28.6 | 31.3 | 11.4 | 12.8 | 0.093 |
History of allergy (%) | 34.9 | 28.0 | 16.7 | 17.2 | 0.224 | 27.9 | 40.0 | 13.8 | 10.0 | 0.034 | 23.8 | 25.0 | 25.7 | 25.6 | 0.999 |
History of hypertension (%) | 22.3 | 0 | 6.7 | 0 | 0.294 | 0 | 2.9 | 3.4 | 5 | 0.609 | 0 | 6.3 | 0 | 2.6 | 0.326 |
Living place (Tehran) (%) | 46.5 | 72.0 | 46.7 | 58.6 | 0.162 | 55.8 | 62.9 | 41.4 | 55.0 | 0.387 | 57.1 | 43.8 | 62.9 | 53.8 | 0.468 |
Cigarette smoking (%) | 16.3 | 16.0 | 10.0 | 20.7 | 0.731 | 18.6 | 20.0 | 13.8 | 5.0 | 0.463 | 0 | 18.8 | 8.6 | 28.2 | 0.018 |
Married (%) | 72.1 | 92.0 | 76.7 | 79.3 | 0.360 | 79.1 | 77.1 | 79.3 | 80.0 | 0.999 | 90.5 | 75.0 | 85.7 | 69.2 | 0.306 |
Years of education ≤ 12 (%) | 90.7 | 96.0 | 90.0 | 75.9 | 0.109 | 88.4 | 91.4 | 79.3 | 95.0 | 0.329 | 81.0 | 90.6 | 91.4 | 87.2 | 0.653 |
High-risk jobb (%) | 16.3 | 8.0 | 6.7 | 6.9 | 0.455 | 11.6 | 14.3 | 6.9 | 5.0 | 0.645 | 14.3 | 15.6 | 8.6 | 5.1 | 0.458 |
High-risk residential areasc (%) | 18.6 | 40.0 | 16.7 | 51.7 | 0.005 | 37.2 | 20.0 | 27.6 | 35.0 | 0.384 | 28.6 | 25.0 | 28.6 | 35.9 | 0.781 |
Taking vitamin supplements (%) | 4.7 | 8.0 | 10.0 | 10.3 | 0.790 | 2.3 | 8.6 | 6.9 | 20.0 | 0.115 | 0 | 3.1 | 14.3 | 10.3 | 0.166 |
Frequent fried foods intaked (%) | 86.0 | 88.0 | 96.7 | 93.1 | 0.433 | 93.0 | 97.1 | 89.7 | 75.0 | 0.051 | 81.0 | 87.5 | 94.3 | 94.9 | 0.258 |
Frequent canned foods intaked (%) | 2.3 | 0 | 0 | 20.7 | < 0.001 | 9.3 | 2.9 | 0 | 10.0 | 0.248 | 4.8 | 6.3 | 8.6 | 2.6 | 0.721 |
Frequent use of barbecued (%) | 9.3 | 16.0 | 13.3 | 27.6 | 0.209 | 18.6 | 11.4 | 20.7 | 10.0 | 0.617 | 9.5 | 6.3 | 14.3 | 28.2 | 0.060 |