Fig. 1From: The novel function of tumor protein D54 in regulating pyruvate dehydrogenase and metformin cytotoxicity in breast cancerTPD54 affects cellular sensitivity to metformin treatment accompanied by altered ROS production in MCF7 cells and breast cancer patient-derived xenografts. a TPD54 protein level was detected by western blot in control and TPD54 transiently knocked down cells treated with or without 8-mM metformin for 2 days. C: 1× PBS, M: metformin b TPD54 protein level was detected by western blot in control and TPD54 stably knocked down MCF-7 cells treated with or without 8-mM metformin for 2 days. C: 1× PBS, M: metformin. c Percentage of dead cells was plotted in cells transfected with control and TPD54 siRNAs and treated with metformin at indicated concentrations for 2 days. d Percentage of dead cells was plotted in control and TPD54 stably knocked down cells treated with metformin at the indicated concentrations for 2 days. e Fold changes of Mitosox mean fluorescence intensity representing mitochondrial ROS production was quantified in cells described in c. f The same assays and quantifications were performed in cells described in d. g Western blot analysis was performed using lysates from different breast cancer xenospheroids to detect TPD54. 3D cell viability was measured for xenospheroids treated with metformin at the following concentrations for 5 days: 8, 16, and 32 mM metformin. h TPD54 was overexpressed in BJ43 and treated with metformin as indicated for 3 days. 3D viability was performed. All data presented are representative experimental data that have been replicated by independent experiments and are reported as the mean ± SD from triplicate data of one experiment. Values are presented as mean ± SD, student t test was used to calculate p value for two-group comparisons with ****p < 0.0001, ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05)Back to article page